Viscose fabric has become a popular choice for customized apparel, particularly in the print-on-demand sector, as it greatly influences the final product’s texture, appearance, and longevity. Renowned for its softness, breathability, and lightweight feel, viscose has carved out a significant place in the fashion industry. However, before incorporating it into your designs, there are several important factors to take into account.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll dive into the characteristics, manufacturing process, and environmental impact of viscose fabric, so you can decide whether it’s the right choice for your next project.
What Is Viscose Fabric?
Viscose, often referred to as rayon, is a semi-synthetic fabric made from regenerated cellulose. The primary source of cellulose for viscose production is wood pulp, although it can also be sourced from other plants, including bamboo, eucalyptus, and sugarcane. The cellulose is chemically processed to create the fabric’s fiber, which can then be spun into threads for textiles.
While the terms “viscose” and “rayon” are frequently used interchangeably, there are variations in production processes that distinguish different types of rayon:
- Viscose Rayon: Produced from wood pulp, viscose rayon is the most common form of rayon, known for its similarity to silk in both texture and drape.
- Modal Rayon: Derived from beech trees, modal is softer, more lightweight, and uses fewer chemicals in its production.
- Lyocell: Also made from beech trees, lyocell is a more sustainable option, using eco-friendly production methods and offering high breathability and moisture-wicking properties.
Key Characteristics of Viscose Fabric
Viscose is prized for its unique combination of softness, breathability, and versatility, making it ideal for a wide range of clothing. It’s commonly used for everything from formal attire to casual wear, but like any fabric, it has both pros and cons.
Benefits:
- Soft Feel: Viscose has a silk-like texture, making it smooth and soft to the touch.
- Breathable: It is more breathable than synthetic fabrics, which makes it a great option for warm climates or hot weather.
- Lightweight: Viscose is lighter than cotton, giving it a breezy, comfortable feel.
- Absorbent: Viscose absorbs moisture, sweat, and oils, making it ideal for sportswear and summer clothing.
- Color Retention: The fabric holds dye well, allowing colors to stay vibrant over time.
Drawbacks:
- Wrinkling: Viscose tends to wrinkle easily, which can detract from its smooth appearance.
- Shrinking: If not cared for properly, viscose fabric can shrink when washed.
- Flammability: Like cotton, viscose can catch fire more easily, which requires extra caution when handling.
- Environmental Concerns: Viscose is often produced using chemicals that can have a negative environmental impact unless sustainable production methods are employed.
- Delicate Care: Viscose requires careful washing and handling, as it can easily break down or become damaged.
How Is Viscose Fabric Made?
Viscose fabric is created through a chemical process that regenerates cellulose. This process involves dissolving wood pulp in a mixture of chemicals to break down its cellulose into a viscous solution. The solution is then spun into fibers, which can be woven or knitted into fabric.
While the use of natural materials like wood pulp might suggest an eco-friendly process, the production of viscose does have an environmental impact. The chemicals involved can be harmful if not properly managed. However, some manufacturers are moving toward more sustainable methods, which aim to reduce chemical waste and increase recycling within the production process.
Viscose fabric itself is biodegradable and tends to decompose faster than synthetic fabrics like polyester, but its production still has a significant ecological footprint compared to entirely natural fibers like cotton.
Viscose vs. Other Fabrics
When choosing fabrics for your designs, it’s important to understand how viscose compares to other common materials such as cotton, polyester, and modal rayon.
| Feature | Viscose | Cotton | Polyester | Modal Rayon |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Origin | Regenerated cellulose from wood pulp | Natural fiber from cotton plants | Synthetic fiber from petroleum | Regenerated cellulose from beech trees |
| Texture | Soft and smooth, similar to silk | Soft and breathable | Smooth and durable | Soft and silky |
| Durability | Moderate, less durable when wet | Strong, durable when wet | Highly durable, resistant to shrinking | Durable, stronger than viscose |
| Wrinkling | Prone to wrinkles | Less wrinkling | Resistant to wrinkles | Similar to viscose |
| Breathability | Highly breathable | Excellent for warmth | Less breathable | More breathable |
| Moisture-wicking | Good for absorbing moisture | Absorbs moisture well | Efficient, but less breathable | Excellent moisture-wicking properties |
| Eco-friendliness | Less eco-friendly due to chemical production | Biodegradable and eco-friendly | Not eco-friendly, made from petroleum | More eco-friendly with less waste |
How to Care for Viscose Fabric
Viscose requires special attention when washing due to its delicate nature. Always refer to the care label for specific instructions, as viscose is often blended with other fibers that may affect its washing requirements.
Washing Tips for Viscose:
- Hand Wash: If the garment isn’t machine washable, hand wash in cold water to avoid damage.
- Machine Wash: If machine washing, use a gentle or hand-wash cycle. Turn the garment inside out and place it in a mesh laundry bag.
- Water Temperature: Wash in cold water to prevent shrinkage.
- Drying: Avoid using a dryer, as the heat can cause viscose to shrink or lose its shape. Instead, air-dry your items.
Common FAQs About Viscose Fabric
Does viscose shrink?
Yes, viscose can shrink, especially when washed improperly. It’s important to follow the care instructions to minimize shrinkage.
Is viscose breathable?
Absolutely! Viscose is highly breathable, making it perfect for summer clothing and warmer weather.
Is viscose fabric eco-friendly?
While viscose is made from renewable resources like wood pulp, its production process can have a high environmental impact due to the chemicals involved. However, more sustainable production methods are being developed to make viscose more eco-friendly.
How should I wash viscose fabric?
Viscose needs delicate care. It’s best washed in cold water using a gentle cycle or by hand, and air-dried to maintain its shape and softness.